The pituitary
is functionally connected to
the hypothalamus by the
median eminence
via a small tube called
the infundibular stem (Pituitary stalk).
The pituitary fossa,
in which the pituitary gland sits,
is situated in the sphenoid bone
in the middle cranial fossa
at the base of the brain.
The pituitary gland secretes
nine hormones
that regulate homeostasis.
the pituitary gland
is an endocrine gland
about the size of a pea.
It is not a part of the brain.
It is a protrusion off the bottom
of the hypothalamus
at the base of the brain,
and rests in a small, bony cavity (sella turcica)
covered by a dural fold
(diaphragma sellae).
Hormonal output from the thyroid
is regulated
by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
produced by the anterior pituitary,
which itself is regulated
by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) produced by the hypothalamus.
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The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA or HTPA axis), also known as the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (LHPA axis) is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among the:
hypothalamus, the pituitary,and the adrenal glands
The interactions among these organs constitute the HPA axis, a major part of the neuroendocrine system that controls reactions to stress and regulates many body processes, including digestion, the immune system, mood and emotions, sexuality and energy storage and expenditure. It is the common mechanism for interactions among glands, hormones, and parts of the midbrain that mediate the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). The physiological role of the HPA axis and corticosteroids in stress response is so fundamental that analogous systems can be found in invertebrates and monocellular organisms as well.
